1) What is MySQL?
MySQL is an open-source Database Management System (DBMS) for managing and organizing the data in a tabular format, These data can be manipulated using MySQL programming language. It supported and distributed by MySQL AB .
2) What are the technical features of MySQL?
MySQL database software is a client or server system which includes
- Multithreaded SQL server supporting various client programs and libraries
- Different backend
- Wide range of application programming interfaces and
- Administrative tools.
3) Why MySQL is used?
MySQL database server is reliable, fast and very easy to use. This software can be downloaded as freeware and can be downloaded from the internet.
4) What are Heap tables?
HEAP tables are present in memory and they are used for high speed storage on temporary
basis.
• BLOB or TEXT fields are not allowed
• Only comparison operators can be used =, <,>, = >,=<
• AUTO_INCREMENT is not supported by HEAP tables
• Indexes should be NOT NULL
5) What is the default port for MySQL Server?
The default port for MySQL server is 3306.
6) What are the advantages of MySQL when compared with Oracle?
- MySQL is open source software which is available at any time and has no cost involved.
- MySQL is portable
- GUI with command prompt.
- Administration is supported using MySQL Query Browser
7) Differentiate between FLOAT and DOUBLE?
Following are differences for FLOAT and DOUBLE:
• Floating point numbers are stored in FLOAT with eight place accuracy and it has four bytes.
• Floating point numbers are stored in DOUBLE with accuracy of 18 places and it has eight bytes.
8) Differentiate CHAR_LENGTH and LENGTH?
CHAR_LENGTH is character count whereas the LENGTH is byte count. The numbers are same for Latin characters but they are different for Unicode and other encodings.
9) How to represent ENUMs and SETs internally?
ENUMs and SETs are used to represent powers of two because of storage optimizations.
10) What is the usage of ENUMs in MySQL?
ENUM is a string object used to specify set of predefined values and that can be used during table creation.
Create table size(name ENUM(‘Small’, ‘Medium’,’Large’);
11) Define REGEXP?
REGEXP is a pattern match in which matches pattern anywhere in the search value.
12) Difference between CHAR and VARCHAR?
Following are the differences between CHAR and VARCHAR:
- CHAR and VARCHAR types differ in storage and retrieval
- CHAR column length is fixed to the length that is declared while creating table. The length value ranges from 1 and 255
- When CHAR values are stored then they are right padded using spaces to specific length. Trailing spaces are removed when CHAR values are retrieved.
13) Give string types available for column?
The string types are:
- SET
- BLOB
- ENUM
- CHAR
- TEXT
- VARCHAR
14) How to get current MySQL version?
SELECT VERSION ();
is used to get the current version of MySQL.
15) What storage engines are used in MySQL?
Storage engines are called table types and data is stored in files using various techniques.
Technique involves:
- Storage mechanism
- Locking levels
- Indexing
- Capabilities and functions.
16) What are the drivers in MySQL?
Following are the drivers available in MySQL:
- PHP Driver
- JDBC Driver
- ODBC Driver
- C WRAPPER
- PYTHON Driver
- PERL Driver
- RUBY Driver
- CAP11PHP Driver
- Ado.net5.mxj
17) What does a TIMESTAMP do on UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP data type?
TIMESTAMP column is updated with Zero when the table is created. UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP modifier updates the timestamp field to current time whenever there is a change in other fields of the table.
18) What is the difference between primary key and candidate key?
Every row of a table is identified uniquely by primary key. There is only one primary key for a table.
Primary Key is also a candidate key. By common convention, candidate key can be designated as primary and which can be used for any foreign key references.
19) How do you login to MySql using Unix shell?
We can login through this command:
# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u <UserName> -p <password>
20) What does myisamchk do?
It compress the MyISAM tables, which reduces their disk or memory usage.
21) How do you control the max size of a HEAP table?
Maximum size of Heal table can be controlled by MySQL config variable called max_heap_table_size.
22) What is the difference between MyISAM Static and MyISAM Dynamic?
In MyISAM static all the fields will have fixed width. The Dynamic MyISAM table will have fields like TEXT, BLOB, etc. to accommodate the data types with various lengths.
MyISAM Static would be easier to restore in case of corruption.
23) What are federated tables?
Federated tables which allow access to the tables located on other databases on other servers.
24) What, if a table has one column defined as TIMESTAMP?
Timestamp field gets the current timestamp whenever the row gets altered.
25) What happens when the column is set to AUTO INCREMENT and if you reach maximum value in the table?
It stops incrementing. Any further inserts are going to produce an error, since the key has been used already.
26) How can we find out which auto increment was assigned on Last insert?
LAST_INSERT_ID will return the last value assigned by Auto_increment and it is not required to specify the table name.
27) How can you see all indexes defined for a table?
Indexes are defined for the table by:
SHOW INDEX FROM <tablename>;
28) What do you mean by % and _ in the LIKE statement?
% corresponds to 0 or more characters, _ is exactly one character in the LIKE statement.
29) How can we convert between Unix & MySQL timestamps?
UNIX_TIMESTAMP is the command which converts from MySQL timestamp to Unix timestamp
FROM_UNIXTIME is the command which converts from Unix timestamp to MySQL timestamp.
30) What are the column comparisons operators?
The = , <>, <=, <, >=, >,<<,>>, <=>, AND, OR, or LIKE operators are used in column comparisons in SELECT statements.
31) How can we get the number of rows affected by query?
Number of rows can be obtained by
SELECT COUNT (user_id) FROM users;
32) Is Mysql query is case sensitive?
No.
SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;
SeLect version(), current_date;
seleCt vErSiOn(), current_DATE;
All these examples are same. It is not case sensitive.
33) What is the difference between the LIKE and REGEXP operators?
LIKE and REGEXP operators are used to express with ^ and %.
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP “^b”;
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name LIKE “%b”;
